What Is Gum Disease?

Gum disease, also known as periodontal disease, is a common and serious oral health condition characterized by inflammation and infection of the gums and supporting structures of the teeth. It is caused by the long-term effects of plaque buildup, a sticky film of bacteria that forms on the teeth and gumline. When plaque is not adequately removed through proper oral hygiene practices, it can harden into tartar (calculus), leading to irritation and infection of the gums.

In this article, our team of oral experts at Stonegate Family Dentistry in Murfreesboro, Tennessee, explains how gum disease progresses and what are its signs and symptoms.

Progression of Gum Disease

There are two main stages of gum disease:

1. Gingivitis:Gingivitis is the initial stage of gum disease and is characterized by inflammation of the gums (gingiva) without loss of bone or tissue. It is typically caused by the buildup of plaque along the gumline, leading to irritation and swelling of the gums. Gingivitis is reversible with proper oral hygiene and professional dental care, but if left untreated, it can progress to periodontitis.

2. Periodontitis:Periodontitis is an advanced stage of gum disease characterized by irreversible damage to the gums, bone, and other structures that support the teeth. It occurs when gingivitis is left untreated and the infection spreads to the deeper tissues surrounding the teeth. Periodontitis can cause pockets to form between the teeth and gums, leading to bone loss, gum recession, and ultimately, tooth loss. Call us to learn more.

Factors Leading to Gum Disease or Periodontitis

Below are some of the factors that can trigger periodontitis:

• Faulty oral hygiene resulting in plaque buildup
• Diseases such as cancer or HIV that compromise the body’s defense mechanisms 
• Diabetes can also put people at risk as the body does not properly process sugars
• Some medications cause dry mouth, increasing the accumulation of bacteria in the mouth and even to abnormal growth of gum tissue
• Smoking interferes with any kind of healing in the mouth
• Genetic predisposition for gum disease
• Vitamin deficiency due to poor nutrition

What Are the Common Symptoms of Gum Disease?

The symptoms of gum disease include:

• Tender, swollen, or receding gums
• Plaque or tartar buildup
• Bleeding while brushing or flossing
• Loose teeth and pain while chewing
• Severe bad breath and a foul taste in the mouth
• Inflammatory response in the body

Gum Disease Treatment and Prevention

Treatment for gum disease typically involves professional dental cleaning (scaling and root planing) to remove plaque, tartar, and bacteria from beneath the gumline. In more severe cases, surgical procedures, such as flap surgery or bone grafting, may be necessary to address advanced gum disease and restore gum health. It's essential to seek prompt dental care from the dentist in 37129 if you experience symptoms of gum disease to prevent complications and preserve your oral health. Regular dental check-ups by the dentist in Murfreesboro TN, proper oral hygiene practices, and lifestyle modifications can help prevent and manage gum disease.

For more details on gum disease, contact Stonegate Family Dentistry at (615) 624-6919 or visit us at 206 A N Thompson Lane, Murfreesboro, TN 37129.